List of birds of Portugal

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Portugal. The avifauna of mainland Portugal, the Azores, and Madeira islands included a total of 632 species as of October 2024 according to Avibase. Of them, 16 have been introduced by humans. 3 are endemic to islands, one is extinct.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.

The following tags have been used to highlight some categories of occurrence. The notes such as "Azores only" and the notes of population status such as "endangered" are from Bird Checklists of the World. The latter notes apply to the worldwide population, not just that in Portugal.

• (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in mainland Portugal, the Azores, or Madeiras
• (I) Introduced - a species introduced to mainland Portugal, the Azores, or Madeiras as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Fulvous whistling-duck	Dendrocygna bicolor	(A)
Snow goose	Anser caerulescens	(A) Azores only
Graylag goose	Anser anser
Greater white-fronted goose	Anser albifrons	(A)
Taiga bean-goose	Anser fabalis
Tundra bean-goose	Anser serrirostris	(A)
Pink-footed goose	Anser brachyrhynchus	(A)
Brant	Branta bernicla	(A)
Barnacle goose	Branta leucopsis	(A)
Cackling goose	Branta hutchinsii	(A)
Canada goose	Branta canadensis
Mute swan	Cygnus olor	(A)
Tundra swan	Cygnus columbianus	(A)
Whooper swan	Cygnus cygnus	(A)
Egyptian goose	Alopochen aegyptiaca	(I)
Ruddy shelduck	Tadorna ferruginea	(A)
Common shelduck	Tadorna tadorna
Muscovy duck	Cairina moschata	(I) Madeiras only
Wood duck	Aix sponsa	(A) Azores only
Garganey	Spatula querquedula
Blue-billed teal	Spatula hottentota	(A)
Blue-winged teal	Spatula discors	(A)
Northern shoveler	Spatula clypeata
Gadwall	Mareca strepera
Eurasian wigeon	Mareca penelope
American wigeon	Mareca americana	(A)
Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos
American black duck	Anas rubripes	(A) Azores only
Northern pintail	Anas acuta
Green-winged teal	Anas crecca	(S)
Marbled teal	Marmaronetta angustirostris	(A) vulnerable
Red-crested pochard	Netta rufina
Redhead	Aythya americana	(A)
Common pochard	Aythya ferina	vulnerable
Ring-necked duck	Aythya collaris	(A)
Ferruginous duck	Aythya nyroca	near-threatened
Tufted duck	Aythya fuligula
Greater scaup	Aythya marila
Lesser scaup	Aythya affinis	(A)
King eider	Somateria spectabilis	(A) Azores only
Common eider	Somateria mollissima	(A) near-threatened
Surf scoter	Melanitta perspicillata	(A)
Velvet scoter	Melanitta fusca
White-winged scoter	Melanitta deglandi	(A)
Common scoter	Melanitta nigra
Long-tailed duck	Clangula hyemalis	(A) vulnerable
Bufflehead	Bucephala albeola	(A)
Common goldeneye	Bucephala clangula	(A)
Smew	Mergellus albellus	(A)
Hooded merganser	Lophodytes cucullatus	(A) Azores only
Common merganser	Mergus merganser
Red-breasted merganser	Mergus serrator
Ruddy duck	Oxyura jamaicensis	(A)
White-headed duck	Oxyura leucocephala	(A) endangered

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Western capercaillie	Tetrao urogallus	Present in country according to source, but not listed as present in other sources.
Gray partridge	Perdix perdix	Possibly extirpated
Ring-necked pheasant	Phasianus colchicus	(I)
Common quail	Coturnix coturnix
Red-legged partridge	Alectoris rufa

Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes   Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Greater flamingo	Phoenicopterus roseus

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Little grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis	(S)
Pied-billed grebe	Podilymbus podiceps	(A)
Horned grebe	Podiceps auritus	(A) vulnerable
Great crested grebe	Podiceps cristatus
Eared grebe	Podiceps nigricollis

Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Rock pigeon	Columba livia
Stock dove	Columba oenas
Common wood-pigeon	Columba palumbus
Trocaz pigeon	Columba trocaz	endemic to the island of Madeira
European turtle-dove	Streptopelia turtur	vulnerable
Eurasian collared-dove	Streptopelia decaocto
Zenaida dove	Zenaida aurita	(A)
Mourning dove	Zenaida macroura	(A) Azores only

Sandgrouse

Order: Pterocliformes   Family: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Pin-tailed sandgrouse	Pterocles alchata
Black-bellied sandgrouse	Pterocles orientalis

Bustards

Order: Otidiformes   Family: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Great bustard	Otis tarda	vulnerable
Little bustard	Tetrax tetrax	near-threatened

Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Great spotted cuckoo	Clamator glandarius
Yellow-billed cuckoo	Coccyzus americanus	(A) Azores only
Black-billed cuckoo	Coccyzus erythropthalmus	(A) Azores only
Common cuckoo	Cuculus canorus

Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Common nighthawk	Chordeiles minor	(A) Azores and Madeiras only
Red-necked nightjar	Caprimulgus ruficollis
Eurasian nightjar	Caprimulgus europaeus

Swifts

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Chimney swift	Chaetura pelagica	(A) vulnerable
Alpine swift	Apus melba
Common swift	Apus apus
Plain swift	Apus unicolor	Madeiras only
Pallid swift	Apus pallidus
Little swift	Apus affinis	(A)
White-rumped swift	Apus caffer

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Water rail	Rallus aquaticus	Azores and Madeiras only
Corn crake	Crex crex	(A)
African crake	Crex egregia	(A)
Sora	Porzana carolina	(A)
Spotted crake	Porzana porzana
Lesser moorhen	Gallinula angulata	(A)
Common gallinule	Gallinula galeata	(A)
Eurasian moorhen	Gallinula chloropus
Eurasian coot	Fulica atra
Red-knobbed coot	Fulica cristata	(A)
American coot	Fulica americana	(A)
Allen's gallinule	Porphyrio alleni	(A)
Purple gallinule	Porphyrio martinica	(A)
Western swamphen	Porphyrio porphyrio
Little crake	Zapornia parva	(A)
Baillon's crake	Zapornia pusilla	(A)

Cranes

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Common name	Binomial	Status
Demoiselle crane	Anthropoides virgo	(A)
Sandhill crane	Antigone canadensis	(A) Azores only
Common crane	Grus grus

Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian thick-knee	Burhinus oedicnemus

Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-winged stilt	Himantopus himantopus
Pied avocet	Recurvirostra avosetta

Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian oystercatcher	Haematopus ostralegus	near-threatened
Canarian oystercatcher	Haematopus meadewaldoi	Madeiras only, extinct

Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-bellied plover	Pluvialis squatarola
European golden-plover	Pluvialis apricaria
American golden-plover	Pluvialis dominica	(A)
Pacific golden-plover	Pluvialis fulva	(A) Azores and Madeiras only
Northern lapwing	Vanellus vanellus	near-threatened
Sociable lapwing	Vanellus gregarius	(A) critically endangered
Lesser sand-plover	Charadrius mongolus	(A)
Greater sand-plover	Charadrius leschenaultii	(A)
Caspian plover	Charadrius asiaticus
Kentish plover	Charadrius alexandrinus
Common ringed plover	Charadrius hiaticula
Semipalmated plover	Charadrius semipalmatus	(A) Azores only
Little ringed plover	Charadrius dubius
Killdeer	Charadrius vociferus	(A)
Eurasian dotterel	Charadrius morinellus	(A)

Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Upland sandpiper	Bartramia longicauda	(A)
Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus
Slender-billed curlew	Numenius tenuirostris	(A) critically endangered
Eurasian curlew	Numenius arquata	near-threatened
Bar-tailed godwit	Limosa lapponica	near-threatened
Black-tailed godwit	Limosa limosa	near-threatened
Hudsonian godwit	Limosa haemastica	(A) Azores only
Ruddy turnstone	Arenaria interpres
Red knot	Calidris canutus	near-threatened
Ruff	Calidris pugnax
Broad-billed sandpiper	Calidris falcinellus	(A)
Sharp-tailed sandpiper	Calidris acuminata	(A)
Stilt sandpiper	Calidris himantopus	(A)
Curlew sandpiper	Calidris ferruginea	near-threatened
Temminck's stint	Calidris temminckii
Red-necked stint	Calidris ruficollis	(A)
Sanderling	Calidris alba
Dunlin	Calidris alpina
Purple sandpiper	Calidris maritima
Baird's sandpiper	Calidris bairdii	(A)
Little stint	Calidris minuta
Least sandpiper	Calidris minutilla	(A) Azores only
White-rumped sandpiper	Calidris fuscicollis	(A)
Buff-breasted sandpiper	Calidris subruficollis	(A), near-threatened
Pectoral sandpiper	Calidris melanotos	(A)
Semipalmated sandpiper	Calidris pusilla	(A) near-threatened
Western sandpiper	Calidris mauri	(A) Azores and Madeiras only
Short-billed dowitcher	Limnodromus griseus	(A)
Long-billed dowitcher	Limnodromus scolopaceus	(A) Azores only
Jack snipe	Lymnocryptes minimus
Eurasian woodcock	Scolopax rusticola
Great snipe	Gallinago media	(A) near-threatened
Common snipe	Gallinago gallinago
Wilson's snipe	Gallinago delicata	(A)
Terek sandpiper	Xenus cinereus	(A)
Wilson's phalarope	Phalaropus tricolor	(A)
Red-necked phalarope	Phalaropus lobatus
Red phalarope	Phalaropus fulicarius
Common sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos
Spotted sandpiper	Actitis macularius	(A)
Green sandpiper	Tringa ochropus
Solitary sandpiper	Tringa solitaria	(A)
Gray-tailed tattler	Tringa brevipes	(A) Azores only, near-threatened
Spotted redshank	Tringa erythropus
Greater yellowlegs	Tringa melanoleuca	(A)
Common greenshank	Tringa nebularia
Willet	Tringa semipalmata	(A)
Lesser yellowlegs	Tringa flavipes	(A)
Marsh sandpiper	Tringa stagnatilis
Wood sandpiper	Tringa glareola
Common redshank	Tringa totanus

Buttonquail

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Turnicidae

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Small buttonquail	Turnix sylvaticus	(A)

Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Cream-colored courser	Cursorius cursor	(A)
Collared pratincole	Glareola pratincola

Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Great skua	Stercorarius skua
South polar skua	Stercorarius maccormicki	(A)
Pomarine jaeger	Stercorarius pomarinus
Parasitic jaeger	Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-tailed jaeger	Stercorarius longicaudus	(A)

Auks, murres, and puffins

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Alcidae

Auks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Dovekie	Alle alle
Common murre	Uria aalge
Thick-billed murre	Uria lomvia	(A)
Razorbill	Alca torda	near-threatened
Atlantic puffin	Fratercula arctica	vulnerable

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-legged kittiwake	Rissa tridactyla	vulnerable
Ivory gull	Pagophila eburnea	(A) near-threatened
Sabine's gull	Xema sabini
Slender-billed gull	Chroicocephalus genei
Bonaparte's gull	Chroicocephalus philadelphia
Black-headed gull	Chroicocephalus ridibundus
Little gull	Hydrocoloeus minutus
Ross's gull	Rhodostethia rosea	(A)
Laughing gull	Leucophaeus atricilla	(A)
Franklin's gull	Leucophaeus pipixcan	(A)
Mediterranean gull	Ichthyaetus melanocephalus
Pallas's gull	Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
Audouin's gull	Ichthyaetus audouinii
Common gull	Larus canus
Short-billed gull	Larus brachyrhynchus	(A)
Ring-billed gull	Larus delawarensis
Herring gull	Larus argentatus
Yellow-legged gull	Larus michahellis
Caspian gull	Larus cachinnans
Iceland gull	Larus glaucoides	(A)
Lesser black-backed gull	Larus fuscus
Glaucous gull	Larus hyperboreus	(A)
Great black-backed gull	Larus marinus	(A)
Kelp gull	Larus dominicanus	(A)
Brown noddy	Anous stolidus	(A) Azores only
Sooty tern	Onychoprion fuscatus	(A)
Bridled tern	Onychoprion anaethetus	(A) Azores only
Little tern	Sternula albifrons
Least tern	Sternula antillarum	(A)
Gull-billed tern	Gelochelidon nilotica
Caspian tern	Hydroprogne caspia
Black tern	Chlidonias niger
White-winged tern	Chlidonias leucopterus
Whiskered tern	Chlidonias hybrida
Roseate tern	Sterna dougallii
Common tern	Sterna hirundo
Arctic tern	Sterna paradisaea
Forster's tern	Sterna forsteri	(A)
Sandwich tern	Thalasseus sandvicensis
Elegant tern	Thalasseus elegans	(A)
Lesser crested tern	Thalasseus bengalensis	(A)
West African crested tern	Thalasseus albididorsalis	(A)

Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-tailed tropicbird	Phaethon lepturus	(A)
Red-billed tropicbird	Phaeton aethereus	(A)

Loons

Order: Gaviiformes   Family: Gaviidae

Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red-throated loon	Gavia stellata	(A)
Arctic loon	Gavia arctica	(A)
Common loon	Gavia immer	(A)

Albatrosses

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest flying birds, with long, narrow wings for gliding. The majority are found in the Southern Hemisphere with only vagrants occurring in the North Atlantic.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Yellow-nosed albatross	Thalassarche chlororhynchos	(A)
Black-browed albatross	Thalassarche melanophris	(A)
Wandering albatross	Diomedea exulans

Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

Southern storm-petrels, are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Wilson's storm-petrel	Oceanites oceanicus
White-faced storm-petrel	Pelagodroma marina
Black-bellied storm-petrel	Fregetta tropica	(A)

Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

The northern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Common name	Binomial	Status
European storm-petrel	Hydrobates pelagicus
Leach's storm-petrel	Hydrobates leucorhous	vulnerable
Swinhoe's storm-petrel	Hydrobates monorhis	(A) near-threatened
Band-rumped storm-petrel	Hydrobates castro
Monteiro's storm-petrel	Hydrobates monteiroi	breeding endemic in the Azores, vulnerable

Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Northern fulmar	Fulmarus glacialis	(A)
Kermadec petrel	Pterodroma neglecta	(A)
Trindade petrel	Pterodroma arminjoniana	(A) Azores only, vulnerable
Zino's petrel	Pterodroma Madeiras	Azores and Madeiras only, endangered
Fea's petrel	Pterodroma feae
Bermuda petrel	Pterodroma cahow	(A) Azores only, endangered
Black-capped petrel	Pterodroma hasitata	(A) Azores and Madeiras only
Bulwer's petrel	Bulweria bulwerii
Cory's shearwater	Calonectis diomedea
Cape Verde shearwater	Calonectris edwardsii	Madeiras only, near-threatened
Flesh-footed shearwater	Ardenna carneipes	(A)
Great shearwater	Ardenna gravis
Sooty shearwater	Ardenna griseus	near-threatened
Manx shearwater	Puffinus puffinus
Yelkouan shearwater	Puffinus yelkouan	(A)
Balearic shearwater	Puffinus mauretanicus	critically endangered
Barolo shearwater	Puffinus baroli

Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black stork	Ciconia nigra
White stork	Ciconia ciconia
Yellow-billed stork	Mycteria ibis	(A)

Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Magnificent frigatebird	Fregata magnificens	(A)

Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Masked booby	Sula dactylatra	(A) Azores only
Brown booby	Sula leucogaster	(A)
Red-footed booby	Sula sula	(A) Azores only
Northern gannet	Morus bassanus
Cape gannet	Morus capensis	(A) Azores only, endangered

Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Great cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	(S)
European shag	Gulosus aristotelis
Double-crested cormorant	Nannopterum auritum	(A) Azores only

Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Pink-backed pelican	Pelecanus rufescens	(A)

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

Common name	Binomial	Status
American bittern	Botaurus lentiginosus	(A) Azores only
Great bittern	Botaurus stellaris
Little bittern	Ixobrychus minutus
Least bittern	Ixobrychus exilis	(A) Azores and Madeiras only
Great blue heron	Ardea herodias	(A) Azores only
Gray heron	Ardea cinerea
Purple heron	Ardea purpurea
Great egret	Ardea alba	(A)
Little egret	Egretta garzetta	(S)
Western reef-heron	Egretta gularis	(A)
Snowy egret	Egretta thula	(A) Azores only
Little blue heron	Egretta caerulea	(A) Azores only
Tricolored heron	Egretta tricolor	(A) Azores only
Cattle egret	Bubulcus ibis
Squacco heron	Ardeola ralloides
Green heron	Butorides virescens	(A)
Black-crowned night-heron	Nycticorax nycticorax
Yellow-crowned night-heron	Nyctanassa violacea	(A) Azores and Madeiras only

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Glossy ibis	Plegadis falcinellus
African sacred ibis	Threskiornis aethiopicus	(I)
Northern bald ibis	Geronticus eremita	(I) Azores only, endangered
Eurasian spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia

Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-winged kite	Elanus caeruleus
Bearded vulture	Gypaetus barbatus	(listed as vagrant by IUCN) near-threatened
Egyptian vulture	Neophron percnopterus	endangered
European honey-buzzard	Pernis apivorus
Swallow-tailed kite	Elanoides forficatus	(A)
Cinereous vulture	Aegypius monachus	near-threatened
White-backed vulture	Gyps africanus	(A) critically endangered
Rüppell's griffon	Gyps rueppelli	critically endangered
Eurasian griffon	Gyps fulvus
Short-toed snake-eagle	Circaetus gallicus
Lesser spotted eagle	Clanga pomarina	(A)
Greater spotted eagle	Clanga clanga	(A) vulnerable
Booted eagle	Hieraaetus pennatus
Tawny eagle	Aquila rapax	(A)
Steppe eagle	Aquila nipalensis	(A); endangered
Spanish eagle	Aquila adalberti	vulnerable
Golden eagle	Aquila chrysaetos
Bonelli's eagle	Aquila fasciata
Eurasian marsh-harrier	Circus aeruginosus
Hen harrier	Circus cyaneus
Northern harrier	Circus hudsonius	(A) Azores only
Pallid harrier	Circus macrourus	(A) near-threatened
Montagu's harrier	Circus pygargus
Eurasian sparrowhawk	Accipiter nisus
Northern goshawk	Accipiter gentilis
Red kite	Milvus milvus
Black kite	Milvus migrans
White-tailed eagle	Haliaeetus albicilla	(Ex)
Rough-legged hawk	Buteo lagopus	(A) Azores only
Common buzzard	Buteo buteo
Long-legged buzzard	Buteo rufinus

Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Western barn owl	Tyto alba

Owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian scops-owl	Otus scops
Eurasian eagle-owl	Bubo bubo
Snowy owl	Bubo scandiacus	(A) Azores only, vulnerable
Little owl	Athene noctua
Tawny owl	Strix aluco
Long-eared owl	Asio otus
Short-eared owl	Asio flammeus
Marsh owl	Asio capensis	(A)

Hoopoes

Order: Bucerotiformes   Family: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian hoopoe	Upupa epops	(S)

Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Common kingfisher	Alcedo atthis
Belted kingfisher	Ceryle alcyon	(A) Azores only

Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Blue-cheeked bee-eater	Merops persicus	(A)
European bee-eater	Merops apiaster

Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

Common name	Binomial	Status
European roller	Coracias garrulus

Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian wryneck	Jynx torquilla
Yellow-bellied sapsucker	Sphyrapicus varius	(A) Azores only
Middle spotted woodpecker	Dryobates medius	(A)
Great spotted woodpecker	Dendrocopos major
Lesser spotted woodpecker	Dendrocopos minor
Iberian green woodpecker	Picus sharpei	near-threatened
Black woodpecker	Dryocopus martius	(A)
Northern flicker	Colaptes auratus	(A) Azores only

Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Lesser kestrel	Falco naumanni
Eurasian kestrel	Falco tinnunculus
American kestrel	Falco sparverius	(A) Azores only
Red-footed falcon	Falco vespertinus	near-threatened
Amur falcon	Falco amurensis	(A) Azores only
Eleonora's falcon	Falco eleonorae
Merlin	Falco columbarius
Eurasian hobby	Falco subbuteo
Lanner falcon	Falco biarmicus	(A)
Saker falcon	Falco cherrug	(A) endangered
Gyrfalcon	Falco rusticolus
Peregrine falcon	Falco peregrinus

Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Rose-ringed parakeet	Psittacula krameri	(I)

African and New World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittacidae

Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Monk parakeet	Myiopsitta monachus	(I)

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eastern wood-pewee	Contopus virens	(A) Azores only
Western kingbird	Tyrannus verticalis	(A) Azores only

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World and Southeast Asia.

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-eyed vireo	Vireo griseus	(A) Azores only
Yellow-throated vireo	Vireo flavifrons	(A) Azores only
Philadelphia vireo	Vireo philadelphicus	(A) Azores only
Warbling vireo	Vireo gilvus	(A) Azores only
Red-eyed vireo	Vireo olivaceus	(A) Azores only

Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian golden oriole	Oriolus oriolus

Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red-backed shrike	Lanius collurio
Red-tailed shrike	Lanius phoenicuroides	(A)
Northern shrike	Lanius borealis	(A) Azores only
Iberian gray shrike	Lanius meridionalis	vulnerable
Great gray shrike	Lanius excubitor	(S)
Lesser gray shrike	Lanius minor	(A)
Woodchat shrike	Lanius senator	near-threatened

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian jay	Garrulus glandarius
Iberian magpie	Cyanopica cooki
Eurasian magpie	Pica pica
Eurasian nutcracker	Nucifraga caryocatactes	(A)
Red-billed chough	Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Eurasian jackdaw	Corvus monedula
Rook	Corvus frugilegus	(A)
Carrion crow	Corvus corone
Hooded crow	Corvus cornix	(A)
Pied crow	Corvus albus	(A)
Brown-necked raven	Corvus ruficollis	(A)
Common raven	Corvus corax

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Coal tit	Periparus ater
Crested tit	Lophophanes cristatus
Marsh tit	Poecile palustris	(A)
Eurasian blue tit	Cyanistes caeruleus
Great tit	Parus major

Penduline-tits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian penduline-tit	Remiz pendulinus

Larks

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Horned lark	Eremophila alpestris	(A)
Greater short-toed lark	Calandrella brachydactyla
Calandra lark	Melanocorypha calandra
Dupont's lark	Chersophilus duponti	extirpated, near-threatened
Mediterranean short-toed lark	Alaudala rufescens
Wood lark	Lullula arborea
Eurasian skylark	Alauda arvensis
Thekla's lark	Galerida theklae
Crested lark	Galerida cristata

Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Zitting cisticola	Cisticola juncidis

Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Booted warbler	Iduna caligata	(A)
Eastern olivaceous warbler	Iduna pallida
Western olivaceous warbler	Iduna opaca
Melodious warbler	Hippolais polyglotta
Icterine warbler	Hippolais icterina
Aquatic warbler	Acrocephalus paludicola	(A) vulnerable
Moustached warbler	Acrocephalus melanopogon	(A)
Sedge warbler	Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
Paddyfield warbler	Acrocephalus agricola	(A)
Blyth's reed warbler	Acrocephalus dumetorum	(A)
Marsh warbler	Acrocephalus palustris	(A)
Common reed warbler	Acrocephalus scirpaceus
Great reed warbler	Acrocephalus arundinaceus

Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Pallas's grasshopper warbler	Helopsaltes certhiola	(A)
River warbler	Locustella fluviatilis	Madeiras only
Savi's warbler	Locustella luscinioides	(S)
Common grasshopper-warbler	Locustella naevia

Swallows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Purple martin	Progne subis	(A) Azores only
Tree Swallow	Tachycineta bicolor	(A) Azores only
Plain martin	Riparia paludicola	(A)
Bank swallow	Riparia riparia
Eurasian crag-martin	Ptyonoprogne rupestris
Barn swallow	Hirundo rustica
Red-rumped swallow	Cecropis daurica	(S)
Cliff swallow	Petrochelidon pyrrhonota	(A) Azores only
Common house-martin	Delichon urbicum

Leaf warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Wood warbler	Phylloscopus sibilatrix	(A)
Western Bonelli's warbler	Phylloscopus bonelli
Yellow-browed warbler	Phylloscopus inornatus	(A)
Hume's warbler	Phylloscopus humei	(A)
Pallas's leaf warbler	Phylloscopus proregulus	(A)
Dusky warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus	(A)
Willow warbler	Phylloscopus trochilus
Common chiffchaff	Phylloscopus collybita
Iberian chiffchaff	Phylloscopus ibericus
Greenish warbler	Phylloscopus trochiloides	(A)
Two-barred warbler	Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus	(A)
Arctic warbler	Phylloscopus borealis	(A)

Bush warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Scotocercidae

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Cetti's warbler	Cettia cetti

Long-tailed tits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Aegithalidae

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Long-tailed tit	Aegithalos caudatus	(S)

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian blackcap	Sylvia atricapilla
Garden warbler	Sylvia borin
Barred warbler	Curruca nisoria	(A)
Lesser whitethroat	Curruca curruca	(A)
Western Orphean warbler	Curruca hortensis
Menetries's warbler	Curruca mystacea	(A)
Sardinian warbler	Curruca melanocephala
Western subalpine warbler	Curruca iberiae
Eastern subalpine warbler	Curruca cantillans
Greater whitethroat	Curruca communis
Spectacled warbler	Curruca conspicillata
Dartford warbler	Curruca undata	near-threatened

Kinglets

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Regulidae

The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Ruby-crowned kinglet	Corthylio calendula	(A)
Goldcrest	Regulus regulus
Madeira firecrest	Regulus madeirensis	endemic to the island of Madeira
Common firecrest	Regulus ignicapilla

Wallcreeper

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tichodromidae

The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Wallcreeper	Tichodroma muraria	(A)

Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian nuthatch	Sitta europaea

Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Short-toed treecreeper	Certhia brachydactyla

Wrens

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian wren	Troglodytes troglodytes

Dippers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-throated dipper	Cinclus cinclus

Starlings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Common name	Binomial	Status
European starling	Sturnus vulgaris
Spotless starling	Sturnus unicolor
Rosy starling	Pastor roseus	(A)
Common myna	Acridotheres tristis	(I)
Crested myna	Acridotheres cristatellus	(I)
Greater Blue-eared starling	Lamprotornis chalybaeus	(A)

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Gray catbird	Dumetella carolinensis	(A) Azores only

Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Veery	Catharus fuscescens	(A) Azores only
Gray-cheeked thrush	Catharus minimus	(A)
Swainson's thrush	Catharus ustulatus	(A) Azores only
Hermit thrush	Catharus guttatus	(A) Azores only
Wood thrush	Hylocichla mustelina	(A) Azores and Madeiras only, near-threatened
Mistle thrush	Turdus viscivorus
Song thrush	Turdus philomelos
Redwing	Turdus iliacus	near-threatened
Eurasian blackbird	Turdus merula
American robin	Turdus migratorius	(A) Azores only
Eyebrowed thrush	Turdus obscurus	(A)
Fieldfare	Turdus pilaris
Ring ouzel	Turdus torquatus
Black-throated thrush	Turdus atrogularis	(A)
Red-throated thrush	Turdus ruficollis	(A) Madeiras only
Dusky thrush	Turdus eunomus	(A)
Naumann's thrush	Turdus naumanni	(A) Azores only

Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Spotted flycatcher	Muscicapa striata
Rufous-tailed scrub-robin	Cercotrichas galactotes
European robin	Erithacus rubecula
Thrush nightingale	Luscinia luscinia	(A)
Common nightingale	Luscinia megarhynchos
Bluethroat	Luscinia svecica
Red-flanked bluetail	Tarsiger cyanurus	(A)
Red-breasted flycatcher	Ficedula parva	(A)
European pied flycatcher	Ficedula hypoleuca
Collared flycatcher	Ficedula albicollis	(A)
Moussier's redstart	Phoenicurus moussieri	(A)
Common redstart	Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Black redstart	Phoenicurus ochruros
Rufous-tailed rock-thrush	Monticola saxatilis
Blue rock-thrush	Monticola solitarius
Whinchat	Saxicola rubetra
European stonechat	Saxicola rubicola
Siberian stonechat	Saxicola maurus	(A)
Northern wheatear	Oenanthe oenanthe
Isabelline wheatear	Oenanthe isabellina	(A)
Desert wheatear	Oenanthe deserti	(A)
Western black-eared wheatear	Oenanthe hispanica
Black wheatear	Oenanthe leucura
White-crowned wheatear	Oenanthe leucopyga	(A)

Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Bohemian waxwing	Bombycilla garrulus	(A)
Cedar waxwing	Bombycilla cedrorum	(A) Azores only

Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-headed weaver	Ploceus melanocephalus	(I)
Yellow-crowned bishop	Euplectes afer	(I)

Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Scaly-breasted munia	Lonchura punctulata	(I)
Chestnut munia	Lonchura atricapilla	(I)
Common waxbill	Estrilda astrild	(I)
Red avadavat	Amandava amandava	(I)

Accentors

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae

The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Alpine accentor	Prunella collaris
Dunnock	Prunella modularis

Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

Common name	Binomial	Status
House sparrow	Passer domesticus
Spanish sparrow	Passer hispaniolensis
Eurasian tree sparrow	Passer montanus
Rock sparrow	Petronia petronia
White-winged snowfinch	Montifringilla nivalis

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Gray wagtail	Motacilla cinerea
Western yellow wagtail	Motacilla flava
Eastern yellow wagtail	Motacilla tschutschensis	(A)
Citrine wagtail	Motacilla citreola	(A)
White wagtail	Motacilla alba
Richard's pipit	Anthus richardi
Blyth's pipit	Anthus godlewskii	(A)
Tawny pipit	Anthus campestris
Berthelot's pipit	Anthus berthelotii	(A) Madeiras only
Meadow pipit	Anthus pratensis	near-threatened
Tree pipit	Anthus trivialis
Olive-backed pipit	Anthus hodgsoni	(A)
Red-throated pipit	Anthus cervinus	(A)
Water pipit	Anthus spinoletta
Rock pipit	Anthus petrosus
American pipit	Anthus rubescens	(A) Azores only

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Common chaffinch	Fringilla coelebs
Brambling	Fringilla montifringilla
Hawfinch	Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Common rosefinch	Carpodacus erythrinus	(A)
Azores bullfinch	Pyrrhula murina	endemic to San Miguel in the Azores, vulnerable
Eurasian bullfinch	Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Trumpeter finch	Bucanetes githagineus	(A)
European greenfinch	Chloris chloris
Twite	Linaria flavirostris	(A)
Eurasian linnet	Linaria cannabina
Common redpoll	Acanthis flammea	(A)
Hoary redpoll	Acanthis hornemanni	(A) Azores only
Parrot crossbill	Loxia pytyopsittacus	Madeiras only
Red crossbill	Loxia curvirostra
White-winged crossbill	Loxia leucoptera	(A)
European goldfinch	Carduelis carduelis
Citril finch	Carduelis citrinella
European serin	Serinus serinus
Island canary	Serinus canaria	Azores and Madeiras only
Eurasian siskin	Spinus spinus

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Lapland longspur	Calcarius lapponicus	(A)
Snow bunting	Plectrophenax nivalis

Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Corn bunting	Miliaria calandra
Rock bunting	Emberiza cia
Cirl bunting	Emberiza cirlus
Yellowhammer	Emberiza citrinella
Ortolan bunting	Emberiza hortulana
Pallas's bunting	Emberiza pallasi	(A)
Reed bunting	Emberiza schoeniclus
Yellow-breasted bunting	Emberiza aureola	(A) critically endangered
Little bunting	Emberiza pusilla	(A)
Rustic bunting	Emberiza rustica	(A) vulnerable
Black-faced bunting	Emberiza spodocephala	(A)

New World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passerellidae

The New World sparrows (or American sparrows) are a large family of seed-eating passerine birds with distinctively finch-like bills.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Dark-eyed junco	Junco hyemalis	(A) Azores only
White-crowned sparrow	Zonotrichia leucophrys	(A) Azores only
White-throated sparrow	Zonotrichia albicollis	(A) Azores only
Savannah sparrow	Passerculus sandwichensis	(A) Azores only
Lincoln's sparrow	Melospiza lincolnii	(A) Azores only

Troupials and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

Icterids make up a family of small- to medium-sized, often colorful, New-World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. The species in the family vary widely in size, shape, behavior and coloration.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Bobolink	Dolichonyx oryzivorus	(A) Azores only
Baltimore oriole	Icterus galbula	(A) Azores only

New World warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

The New World warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Ovenbird	Seiurus aurocapilla	(A) Azores only
Northern waterthrush	Parkesia noveboracensis	(A) Azores only
Golden-winged warbler	Vermivora chrysoptera	(A) Azores only, near-threatened
Blue-winged warbler	Vermivora cyanoptera	(A) Azores only
Black-and-white warbler	Mniotilta varia	(A) Azores only
Prothonotary warbler	Protonotaria citrea	(A) Azores only
Tennessee warbler	Oreothlypis peregrina	(A) Azores only
Connecticut warbler	Oporornis agilis	(A) Azores only
Mourning warbler	Geothlypis philadelphia	(A)
Common yellowthroat	Geothlypis trichas	(A)
Hooded warbler	Setophaga citrina	(A) Azores only
American redstart	Setophaga ruticilla	(A) Azores and Madeiras only
Cape May warbler	Setophaga tigrina	(A) Azores only
Northern parula	Setophaga americana	(A) Azores only
Magnolia warbler	Setophaga magnolia	(A) Azores only
Bay-breasted warbler	Setophaga castanea	(A) Azores only
Blackburnian warbler	Setophaga fusca	(A) Azores only
Yellow warbler	Setophaga petechia	(S) Azores and Madeiras only
Chestnut-sided warbler	Setophaga pensylvanica	(A) Azores only
Blackpoll warbler	Setophaga striata	(A) Azores only, near-threatened
Black-throated blue warbler	Setophaga caerulescens	(A) Azores only
Yellow-rumped warbler	Setophaga coronata	(S) Azores only
Yellow-throated warbler	Setophaga dominica	(A) Azores only
Prairie warbler	Setophaga discolor	(A) Azores only
Black-throated green warbler	Setophaga virens	(A) Azores only
Canada warbler	Cardellina canadensis	(A) Azores only
Wilson's warbler	Cardellina pusilla	(A) Azores only

Cardinals and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Summer tanager	Piranga rubra	(A) Azores only
Scarlet tanager	Piranga olivacea	(A) Azores only
Rose-breasted grosbeak	Pheucticus ludovicianus	(A) Azores only
Blue grosbeak	Passerina caerulea	(A) Azores only
Indigo bunting	Passerina cyanea	(A) Azores only
Dickcissel	Spiza americana	(A) Azores only

See also

• List of birds of Madeira
• List of birds
• Lists of birds by region